Blow it out properly!
Despite the misconception, the common cold, formerly known as a "cold", does not just come on its own, but is caused by a virus that is spread by droplet infection, i.e. by coughing and sneezing. That is why it is recommended to avoid socializing when you have a cold, or if you must, it is recommended to wear a mouth mask, and you should not sneeze into your hands. It's important to use a handkerchief if you are clumsy!
The common cold is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose and sinuses. Our body prefers the ideal temperature, in the case of nasal mucosa it is 20-21 degrees. In the cold, the resistance of the mucous membrane can weaken, and those who are in large crowds or travel on public transport every day are more likely to get infected by sneezing or coughing. In winter, when the nasal mucosa is exposed to extreme weather and temperature fluctuations, its resistance weakens and seasonal viruses immediately cause illness.
A cold goes away in about 1 week, since it is viral, its treatment is always symptomatic, so the doctor does not prescribe antibiotics. Its classic symptoms are strong watery nasal discharge, nasal congestion, impaired sense of smell, and headache. If after a week the runny nose turns yellow and green, accompanied by a severe headache and pain radiating to the tooth, then we are most likely talking about a bacterial superinfection, which definitely requires a specialist examination.
A runny nose is never normal, i.e. it is always caused by a disease. Normally, even in the basic case, there is production of nasal mucus, but this does not mean that we should blow our noses every day. The cilia of the mucous membrane transport the secretion produced by the glands backwards into the pharynx, which, although it does not sound very good, is swallowed unnoticed. The secretion produced by the glands lubricates, protects the mucous membrane, and contains immune substances. However, every increased runny nose is a consequence of something: it could be an allergy, a viral cold, an occupational injury, e.g. woodworking, in the case of people working with paint and chemicals, or even a conical sinusitis.
It is strongly recommended to stay at home with a cold, as it is contagious, and our body reacts better and heals with rest. Even within the family, it is worth paying attention not to sneeze freely, but into a handkerchief, and never into our hands, as the droplets are passed on to our hands as well. It is recommended to wear a mouth mask, you can get several types in pharmacies today.
It is very important to suck and blow out the produced nasal mucus. The entire nasopharynx is designed to provide drainage and ventilation. If this is blocked, inflammatory processes can develop elsewhere. It doesn't matter how we blow our nose, it's important to take turns cleaning the nostrils. We close the nose half on one side, then blow strongly on the other side, and then switch. If the nose is very congested, it is definitely worth unblocking the blockage with a decongestant nasal drop first, so that the mucus really gets out.
In addition, in case of colds and other nasal diseases, it is definitely recommended to wash the nose with sea salt at least once a day. Sea salt has an anti-inflammatory and expectorant effect. Our skin can become red and dry from blowing our nose a lot, so it may be necessary to use a caring nasal ointment. It is also worth steaming a little, in which case you can also use eucalyptus essential oil, which also helps to open the nose.
There are countless decongestant nasal sprays and nasal drops available on the market. According to Dr. Eszter Tóth, nasal drops are much more effective, this is also proven by a study that shows that the active ingredient in the spray form only reaches the front of the nose, while the nasal drops flow all the way to the back. The otolaryngologist therefore recommends that you lie on your back, turn your head slightly to the side, drop into one nostril, wait a few seconds, and do the same on the other side. The effect of the nasal drops with the correct active ingredient lasts up to 6-8 hours, so it is enough to use them 2x3x a day. It is not worth overdoing it, because it already damages the mucous membrane and can also cause nosebleeds.
The decongestant nasal drops should not be used for more than 10-14 days because they are addictive. Some people have been falling asleep with nasal drops for years. Due to excessive use, unfortunately, in such cases, only the surgical solution helps.
If you have a cold, it is important to drink at least 2 liters of fluid per day, especially warm tea, vitamin C and, if necessary, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
A neglected cold can have serious consequences, such as bacterial sinusitis, with all its serious symptoms. Don't forget, the brain and the eye socket are very close to our nose. In all cases with purulent rhinitis, it is recommended to visit an ear-nose-throat specialist!
Paper or textile handkerchief?
For reasons of hygiene, the specialist recommends paper handkerchiefs, which must be thrown away after one use.
Unfortunately, poor-quality paper handkerchiefs and the common cold itself can cause inflammation and redness of the skin in the nasal passage. A caring nasal ointment can alleviate these complaints.
If you are also struggling with a cold or need a specialist opinion, you can make an appointment for our otolaryngology appointment by calling +36 1 790 7070 or online !
Get to know our otolaryngologists:
Dr. Magdolna Bánki
Dr. Miklós Tóth