Surgical Procedures

Such thyroid abnormalities necessitating surgery can be the appearance of nodules or swelling, benign enlargement of the thyroid - known as goiter, hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), or malignant changes. Thyroid surgery is also a viable therapeutic option if an overactive thyroid gland produces too much hormone (thyroxin) that can't be managed with thyroid medications or radioactive iodine therapy.

Types of Thyroid Surgeries

Partial Thyroidectomy

This surgical procedure involves the removal of a portion of the thyroid gland. It's typically recommended for conditions like a benign thyroid nodule or a goiter affecting a specific part of the thyroid.

Near-total Thyroidectomy

In a near-total thyroidectomy, almost all of the thyroid gland is removed, leaving only a small amount of thyroid tissue to preserve the parathyroid glands. It's often performed for extensive cases of thyroid cancer or large goiters.

Total Thyroidectomy (Thyreoidectomia)

A total thyroidectomy is the complete removal of the thyroid gland, typically chosen for treating thyroid cancer and other conditions affecting the entirety of the gland.

The Procedure

The surgery is carried out under general anesthesia. The surgeon makes an incision in the neck to gain access to the thyroid gland and proceeds to remove the diseased gland without harming surrounding structures, including the vocal cords and parathyroid glands.

Thyroid surgery is well-tolerated and has a low rate of complications. The ultimate goal is to alleviate symptoms and prevent further, more severe diseases caused by the malfunctioning thyroid. Most patients can resume their normal activities within a few weeks post-surgery. Thyroid hormone replacement therapy may be necessary, especially after a total thyroidectomy.